Water Birth – Benefits, Risks, and Practices

There are multiple ways of using water in labor as a comfort measure. Whether you desire to give birth in a birthing pool or utilize water during your labor, there are both benefits and risks to consider. Is it safe to have a water birth? What are the benefits of laboring in water? Are there safety precautions that should be addressed? Which care providers allow water births? We will delve into these topics in this post.

Where Can I Have a Water Birth?

Water births are a common occurrence when giving birth at home and also at birthing centers. Most hospitals will not encourage or allow water births, which is something to consider. Due to common protocols in hospitals such as continuous fetal monitoring and IV fluids, laboring in water is often not allowed. If planning a hospital birth, learn all you can about that hospital’s policies and the tools they have available to you. Some hospitals have tubs and showers that can be used during labor, and you can talk to your care provider about your wishes. If you plan to use water during labor, add this to your birth plan and make sure your birth team is informed about your wishes.

Water In Labor – The Midwife’s Epidural

Using water in a tub or birthing pool during labor has been nicknamed “the midwife’s epidural” because of how much relief it brings to the laboring mama. When striving for an unmedicated birth and skipping an epidural, the birth pool can bring much pain relief and help your body to relax. Regardless of your birth plans, water can be used in early labor. Midwives are typically more comfortable with using water in labor and even advocate water births more often than other providers.

Laboring In the Shower

A hot shower is a great comfort measure utilizing water and heat to bring pain relief, especially in early labor. Using a handheld shower wand to direct water onto specific painful or tense areas of the body is extra helpful. Getting in the birth pool for extended periods of time before reaching active labor has been known to slow labor down. Once labor starts, it should be allowed and encouraged to progress, so it is wise to wait until active labor before spending much time in the tub. For this reason, showers can be a lifesaver by still allowing the use of hot water outside of the tub. By standing or sitting in the shower, you are also utilizing gravity to encourage your labor to progress and baby to descend.

The Birthing Pool

A birthing pool or tub can be a bathtub, inflatable pool or other tub lined with plastic. It is important for your birth team to pay attention to the water temperature, especially if you plan to give birth in the tub. The accepted temperature range is between 96 – 100.4 degrees. If the water gets too hot, it can make mama’s temperature get too high and cause a fever. Your body is already working hard and can easily get hot during labor so be careful not to get extra hot by being in the water. Your birth team can help by supplying you with fans and cool wash cloths. When the baby is born into the water, the goal is for the water temperature to be similar to mama’s body temperature so they will not be too hot or cold. If the water is too cold, it could cause baby to breathe too soon under the water, which is dangerous.

Benefits of Water in Labor

There are many benefits to laboring and giving birth in water. Mamas love the relief that the warm water brings and the fact that it helps them relax. When submerged in water, there is less tension on your body and joints, which helps your body release and labor more productively. This is a reason why being in the birth pool has been seen to help labor progress. When a skilled provider is present who is trained in water births, giving birth in the water is considered safe for low-risk pregnancies.

Risks and Precautions with a Water Birth

Water births are not without risks and precautions so make sure to address these with your care provider. These risks include the baby getting an infection from the water, breathing prematurely under the water, a slight increased risk of snapping the umbilical cord and a less visible environment when assessing bleeding after the birth.

To prevent the possibility of baby getting an infection, midwives have ways of keeping the water clean, including using a net to scoop out any floating material. If the water becomes soiled, they will have you get out of the water. To help keep the baby from breathing prematurely, it is important to keep the water between 96 -100.4 degrees. A simple way of protecting against the rare occurrence of snapping the umbilical cord is to slowly and gently bring the baby up out of the water when it is born. This helps to keep tension off of the cord. If either you or your provider are concerned about the possibility of excess bleeding, get out of the tub before or immediately after delivering the baby.

When You Should NOT Have a Water Birth

There are times and circumstances when water birth and laboring in water are dangerous or unadvised. In high-risk pregnancies, cases of high blood pressure, history of postpartum hemorrhage, twin pregnancies and other high-risk circumstances, your provider will warn you against water birth because the risks outweigh the benefits. Research your options, learn alternative comfort measures and work with a provider you trust to guide you through your specific situation.

Different Standards Between Providers

Depending on your care provider, they will have different standards and ways of doing things. Some providers are comfortable with water births, while others will only allow you to labor in the water. Other providers, especially in hospitals, will not allow any use of water during labor. Due to the potential risks associated with water births, some midwives are more comfortable with allowing you to labor in the tub but give birth outside of the water. It is also less convenient for providers to allow water births. Your care provider will have to get into uncomfortable positions in order to assess you if you are in the water. It is admirable when they lay these inconveniences aside in order to do what feels best to you.

Change of Plans

Sometimes there are changes of plans in labor and birth. One of my clients planned to have a water birth, but it worked out better to get out of the water to use gravity in birthing the baby. She enjoyed the benefits of laboring in the water, and it turned out to be better to give birth outside of the water. It is important to listen to your body and the advice of your birth team to make the best decisions for yourself and your baby.

More Comfort Measures

While it is sometimes necessary to get out of the water or forgo it altogether, there are other comfort measures that can be used instead. Position changes are extremely important in order to help your baby descend. Changing positions also encourages labor to progress and helps you feel most comfortable. Some mamas like to resort to positions and comfort measures that helped them in previous labors. Listening to your body and its natural movements and instincts is vital. Your care provider and doula can also give you helpful suggestions to try. The use of counter pressure, hip squeezes, massage, movement, heat, cool cloths and fans are other amazing comfort measures.

Now that you have been introduced to the benefits and risks water births, what are your thoughts? Would you choose a water birth? Does water sound soothing to use in labor? I’d love to hear your thoughts and experiences in the comments below!

~Hannah